Category: 827-61-2

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Process for preparing quinuclidine enantiomers

A new composition of matter, (+) 3-acetoxy- quinuclidine and its salts, ophthalmic compositions comprising this compound or any of its physiologically acceptable salts in a suitable carrier such as a phosphate buffer, and a process of preparation of the active ingredients, which comprises esterifying quinuclidinol so as to obtain racemic 3-lower-alkoxy quinuclidine, subjecting same to enzymatic hydrolysis by a cholinesterase so as to selectively hydrolyze the (-) isomer, separating the unchanged (+) lower-alkoxy quinuclidine, hydrolyzing the latter and esterifying it to the desired compound. Amongst various homolophes the preferred compound is (+)3-acetoxy quinuclidine as this is pharmaceutically the most potent one.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H43N | ChemSpider

Let¡¯s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn. Especially from a beginner¡¯s point of view. Like 123536-14-1, Name is (R)-3-Aminoquinuclidine dihydrochloride. In a document type is Article, introducing its new discovery., Product Details of 123536-14-16

Comparison of the muscarinic receptor binding activity of some tertiary amines and their quaternary ammonium analogues

A series of tertiary amines and their N-methyl quaternary salts were examined for their ability to inhibit specific [3H]3-quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to rat brain muscarinic receptors. The more flexible tertiary amines, like dimethylaminoethyl acetate, were less potent than their respective quaternary ammonium analogues, while rigid tertiary amines, like aceclidine, were more potent than their quaternary derivatives. The competition curves of most of the compounds were adequately described by a two-site binding equation. A good correlation between pharmacological activity and the high-affinity dissociation constant was observed. The influence of pH in the competitive inhibition of [3H]3-quinuclidinyl benzilate binding by arecoline and scopolamine was also examined. The potency of these amines declined relative to that of their N-methyl derivatives as the pH increased from 8.90 to 9.0, suggesting that it is primarily the protonated form of arecoline and scopolamine which interacts with the muscarinic receptor.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H56N | ChemSpider

Let¡¯s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn. Especially from a beginner¡¯s point of view. Like 123536-14-1, Name is (R)-3-Aminoquinuclidine dihydrochloride. In a document type is Article, introducing its new discovery., Product Details of 123536-14-22

Correlation between pKa and reactivity of quinuclidine-based catalysts in the Baylis-Hillman reaction: Discovery of quinuclidine as optimum catalyst leading to substantial enhancement of scope

The reactivity of a variety of quinuclidine-based catalysts in the Baylis-Hillman reaction has been examined, and a straightforward correlation between the basicity of the base and reactivity has been established, without exception. The following order of reactivity was established with pKa’s of the conjugate acids (measured in water) given in parentheses: quinuclidine (11.3), 3-hydroxyquinuclidine (9.9), DABCO (8.7), 3-acetoxyquinuclidine (9.3), 3-chloroquinuclidine (8.9), and quinuclidinone (7.2). The higher than expected reactivity of DABCO, based on its pKa, was analyzed by comparing the relative basicity of DABCO and 3-acetoxyquinuclidine in DMSO. It was found that in aprotic solvent, DABCO was 0.6 pKa units more basic than 3-acetoxyquinuclidine, thus establishing a direct link between pKa of the amine and its reactivity. In contrast to previous literature work that reported the contrary, quinuclidine, which has the highest pKa, was found to be the most active catalyst. The reaction profile with quinuclidine showed significant autocatalysis, which suggested that the presence of proton donors might further enhance rates. Thus, a series of additives bearing polar X-H bonds were investigated and it was found that methanol, triethanolamine, formamide, and water all provided additional acceleration. Methanol was found to be optimum, and the powerful combination of quinuclidine with methanol was tested with a host of aldehydes and Michael acceptors. Not only were the reactions more efficient and faster than previously reported, but now new substrates that were previously unreactive could be employed. Notable examples include the use of acetylenic aldehydes and the employment of vinyl sulfones, acrylamides, delta-lactones, and even alpha,beta-unsaturated esters bearing a beta-substituent.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H45N | ChemSpider

Synthetic Route of 827-61-2, A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 827-61-2, Name is Quinuclidin-3-yl acetate, molecular formula is C9H15NO2. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 827-61-2

Aceclidine and pilocarpine interact differently with muscarinic receptor in isolated rabbit iris muscle

The relationship between muscarinic receptor affinity states and the contractile response to the muscarinic agonists carbachol, aceclidine, and pilocarpine, has been examined in the isolated rabbit iris muscle. Contraction of the iris muscle by carbachol and aceclidine was more potent and/or more efficacious than the response to pilocarpine. Analysis of [3H]- Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding showed that while both carbachol and aceclidine bound to high- and low-affinity forms of the muscarinic receptor, pilocarpine bound to one affinity state. The efficacy of carbachol and aceclidine to stimulate contraction of the iris muscle was consistent with receptor occupancy theory only when considering the low-affinity state of the muscarinic receptor, and activation of the low-affinity rather than high-affinity binding state of the receptor is likely to mediate the contraction of iris muscle. Therefore, the typical anti-glaucoma muscarinic agonists aceclidine and pilocarpine may interact differently with their target receptors in isolated rabbit iris muscle.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H91N | ChemSpider

Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments. Quality Control of Quinuclidin-3-yl acetate. Introducing a new discovery about 827-61-2, Name is Quinuclidin-3-yl acetate

Design, synthesis, and neurochemical evaluation of 5-(3-alkyl-1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines as M1 muscarinic receptor agonists

A series of 5-(3-alkyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6- tetrahydropyrimidines (7a-h) was synthesized for biological evaluation as selective agonists for M1 receptors coupled to phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism in the central nervous system. Each ligand bound with high affinity to muscarinic receptors from rat brain as measured by inhibition of [3H]-(R)-quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]-(R)-QNB) binding. 5-(3-Methyl- 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine trifluoroacetate (CDD- 0098-J; 7a) displayed high affinity (IC50 = 2.7 ¡À 0.69 muM) and efficacy at muscarinic receptors coupled to PI metabolism in the rat cortex and hippocampus. Increasing the length of the alkyl substituent increased affinity for muscarinic receptors yet decreased activity in PI turnover assays. The hippocampal PI response of 7a was blocked by lower concentrations of pirenzepine (8) or by higher concentrations of either AF-DX 116 (9) or p- fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol (10), suggesting that at low concentrations 7a selectively stimulates PI turnover through M1 receptors.

Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, Quality Control of Quinuclidin-3-yl acetate, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about Quality Control of Quinuclidin-3-yl acetate

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H54N | ChemSpider

Let¡¯s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn. Especially from a beginner¡¯s point of view. Like 123536-14-1, Name is (R)-3-Aminoquinuclidine dihydrochloride. In a document type is Article, introducing its new discovery., Product Details of 123536-14-21

Synthesis and biological characterization of 1,4,5,6- tetrahydropyrimidine and 2-amino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives as selective m1 agonists

Previous studies identified several novel tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives exhibiting muscarinic agonist activity in rat brain. Such compounds might be useful in treating cognitive and memory deficits associated with low acetylcholine levels, as found in Alzheimer’s disease. To determine the molecular features of ligands important for binding and activity at muscarinic receptor subtypes, the series of tetrahydropyrimidines was extended. Several active compounds were examined further for functional selectivity through biochemical studies of muscarinic receptor activity using receptor subtypes expressed in cell lines. Several amidine derivatives displayed high efficacy at m1 receptors and lower activity at m3 receptors coupled to phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism in A9 L cells. Four ligands, including 1b, 1f, 2b, and 7b, exhibited marked functional selectivity for m1 vs m3 receptors. Compound 1f also exhibited low activity at m2 receptors coupled to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in A9 L cells. Molecular modeling studies also were initiated to help understand the nature of the interaction of muscarinic agonists with the m1 receptor using a nine amino model of the m1 receptor. Several important interactions were identified, including interactions between the ester moiety and Thr192. Additional interactions were found for oxadiazoles and alkynyl derivatives with Asn382, suggesting that enhanced potency and selectivity may be achieved by maximizing interactions with Asp105, Thr192, and Ash382. Taken together, the data indicate that several amidine derivatives display functional selectivity for m1 muscarinic receptors, warranting further evaluation as therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, several amino acid residues were identified as potential binding sites for m1 agonists. These data may be useful in directing efforts to develop even more selective m1 agonists.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H72N | ChemSpider

Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments. Computed Properties of C9H15NO2. Introducing a new discovery about 827-61-2, Name is Quinuclidin-3-yl acetate

Aceclidine effects on outflow facility after ciliary muscle disinsertion

Aceclidine increases outflow facility with little accomodative effect. To determine whether this dissociation resides in the ciliary muscle (CM) or trabecular meshwork (TM), we measured aceclidine effects on perfusion outflow facility in both eyes of 8 rhesus monkeys after unilateral disinsertion of the CM from the TM. Facility in the control eyes increased by ~250% following intravenous pilocarpine and by an additional ~250% following intravenous pilocarpine and by an additional ~250% following intracameral pilocarpine, relative to baseline and uncorrected for washout. In CM-disinserted eyes, the facility response to intravenous and intracameral pilocarpine averaged ~25% of that in contralateral controls. Cytochalasin B, which acts directly on the TM to increase facility but is not additive to maximal pilocarpine doses in normal eyes, had no additional effect beyond that of pilocarpine in control eyes but induced an additional 100% facility increase relative to baseline in CM-disinserted eyes. The accomodative response to carbachol in CM-disinserted eyes was ~80% of that in contralateral controls, consistent with retention of CM contractility and the gonioscopic appearance of shallow CM disinsertion. Intracameral aceclidine HCl doses of 5 and 50 mug increased outflow facility by ~80 and 250%, respectively, in control eyes, and by ~0 and 80% in Cm-disinserted eyes. Either the low aceclidine dose affected facility via the CM, while the high dose exerted an additional effect on the TM, or aceclidine acted only via the CM, with the low dose being ineffective and the high dose modestly effective in CM-disinserted eyes because only a few CM-TM attachments remained.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.Computed Properties of C9H15NO2. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 827-61-2

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H64N | ChemSpider

Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments. category: quinuclidine. Introducing a new discovery about 827-61-2, Name is Quinuclidin-3-yl acetate

Pharmacological strategies for presbyopia correction

Purpose: To summarize the pharmacological strategies that are being explored for presbyopia correction. Methods: The review concentrates on pharmacologically induced pupillary miosis to increase depth-of-focus and lens softening or other measures to restore active accommodation. Results: Several studies suggest that near vision improves and distance vision is unaffected for many hours after either monocular or binocular instillation of any one of several drug combinations that cause miosis. Unfortunately, in most studies, measurements were limited to photopic visual acuity for near and distance vision, whereas it is anticipated that pupil constriction may have adverse effects on mesopic and scotopic vision. It is not clear whether improved near vision was due entirely to increased depth-of-focus, or whether, for example, a drug-induced myopic shift in refraction was also involved. Currently, no study has provided direct evidence for drug-induced restoration/enhancement of true accommodation involving an ocular power change. Conclusions: Although it is possible that, in the future, pharmacological drops may offer a safe and reliable solution for presbyopia correction, more evidence of their effectiveness and limitations is required.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H74N | ChemSpider

Application of 827-61-2, A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 827-61-2, Name is Quinuclidin-3-yl acetate, molecular formula is C9H15NO2. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 827-61-2

Synthesis of (R) and (S)-3-aminoquinuclidine from 3-quinuclidinone and (S) and (R)-1-phenethylamine

The synthesis of (R) and (S)-3-amino quinuclidine, an important building block for the synthesis of chiral 5-HT3 serotonin receptor antagonists, is described. The key reaction is the reduction by NaBH4 of the imine prepared from the 3-quinuclidinone and chiral (S) or (R)-1-phenethylamine.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions.Application of 827-61-2, you can also check out more blogs aboutApplication of 827-61-2

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H67N | ChemSpider

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SPIRO (1,3-DIOXOLANE-4,3′) QUINUCLIDINE COMPOUNDS

Novel spiro (1,3-dioxolane-4,3′) quinuclidine compounds of the formula STR1 wherein R 1 and R 2, which may be identical or different, each designates a member of the group hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; a process for the production of these and pharmaceutical compositions of matter containing such compound as active ingredient.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H31N | ChemSpider